What action should be taken when a preterm neonate shows increased respiratory effort while on mechanical ventilation?

When a preterm neonate exhibits increased respiratory effort while on mechanical ventilation, increasing the flow can be beneficial. This adjustment helps to improve the distribution of gas in the lungs and facilitate better ventilation. Preterm neonates often have immature lungs and may require additional support to meet their respiratory demands. By increasing the flow rate, you can enhance the delivery of positive pressure breaths, which may help reduce the work of breathing for the neonate and alleviate any signs of respiratory distress.

The emphasis on inhaling gas more quickly through increased flow can assist in ensuring that the neonate is receiving adequate oxygenation and ventilation, which is critical given their vulnerable condition. Providing adequate flow can also help prevent the potential for atelectasis, ensuring that the airways remain open and that oxygen is efficiently delivered to the alveoli for gas exchange.

In contrast, other adjustments such as decreasing flow, increasing inspiratory time, or decreasing peak inspiratory pressure might not address the immediate increased respiratory effort effectively. Decreased flow could further compromise ventilation, while changes to inspiratory time or pressure would need careful consideration based on the underlying respiratory mechanics and patient condition.